Migration, a force as old as humanity, is constantly evolving, shaped by global dynamics and local realities. Today, it is no longer a linear journey of departure and settlement but a complex, multi-directional process with far-reaching impacts on economies, societies, and policies.
Nowhere is this interplay more evident than in the Western Balkans—a region at the crossroads of Europe, balancing its rich cultural heritage with the demands of a globalised world.
The Western Balkans: A Hub of Mobility
Nestled at the intersection of Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, the Western Balkans serves as both a transit corridor and a destination for migrants. Traditionally known as a region of emigration, the Balkans are increasingly attracting labour migrants from diverse countries such as Egypt, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. These individuals bring unique skill sets, injecting innovation and vitality into local economies. From construction projects in Serbia to healthcare in Montenegro and IT services in North Macedonia, migrants are filling critical gaps in regional labour markets.
Unlocking Economic Potential
The economic benefits of migration are undeniable. Labour migrants contribute to the development of infrastructure, the growth of industries, and the diversification of skills in the workforce. The Western Balkans, currently undergoing reforms to align with EU standards, is poised to maximise these advantages. Skills mobility partnerships and regular migration pathways are emerging as critical tools to sustain this momentum, offering a win-win scenario for both migrants and host countries. However, harnessing the full potential of migration requires robust governance frameworks. Effective policies must ensure that migration is not only economically beneficial but also socially inclusive, protecting the rights of migrants while addressing the needs of local populations.
Tackling Migration’s Challenges
While migration presents opportunities, it also brings challenges. Irregular migration, smuggling, and trafficking remain persistent issues in the region. At the same time, climate change is becoming an increasingly significant driver of migration, pushing individuals to move in search of safety and stability. The IOM plays a crucial role in addressing these complexities, working closely with governments to develop integrated border governance systems and counter-trafficking networks and establish comprehensive return management programs. One of the most impactful initiatives is the Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration (AVRR) program, which has helped over 1,300 migrants in Serbia safely return to their home countries.
A Glimpse Into the Future
Looking ahead, the region’s ability to manage migration will depend on its capacity to embrace innovation and foster collaboration. Sustainable solutions, such as climate-resilient communities and digital tools for migration management, must take centre stage. As the Western Balkans continue to align with EU standards, migration governance will remain a cornerstone of regional stability and development. Against this backdrop, The Region presents an exclusive interview with Mr Zeynal Hajiyev, IOM’s Chief of Mission in Serbia. Drawing on decades of global experience, Hajiyev offers insights into the organisation’s priorities, from supporting labour-driven migration to addressing climate-induced mobility. He also discusses the significance of the EU Action Plan on the Western Balkans and the transformative potential of skills mobility partnerships.
